Growth pole in the western region of the construction of light

 Abstract: The light is an important part of the western industry. And heavy compared to the whole, the western light deficiency, low-value ratio, poor skills, low market share. To change the lagging development of the western state of light, making must be corrected ideas, from the emphasis on type of investment arrangement changes to the side of light, re-establish the severity of a balanced, coordinated in close and effective operation of the industrial structure. Keywords: Western; light; leading industry; growth pole; output On the Growth-Pole's Construction of Light Industry in Western China (First Half) Dong Fan, Hong Mingyong (1.School of Management, Beijing Normal University, Beijing City, 100875, China; 2. School of Economics & Management, Guizhou University, Guiyang City, Guizhou Province, 550025 , China) Abstract: The light industry is an important part of industry in western China. Generally speaking, it has insufficiently developed, the proportion of output value, the technological level and customers' buying are all very low comparing with the heavy industry. In order to push the development of light industry in the region, it is necessary to adjust the thinking of strategy-making, conduct the transition from the heavy industry to the light industry, reestablish balance between light and heavy industry, coordinate harmoniously and implement industrial structure . Key Words: Western China, Light Industry, Leading Industry, Growth Pole, Output Value. In 2020, priority to the development of light industry, expanding border trade, membership in order to create a mechanism for the western region of the blood, is to build a margin of international economic cooperation with Western Border The basic work ideas ��1��. However, there is the internal structure of the western light, economic and market conditions have fallen far short of building Western Border with the requirements of international economic cooperation. The reason is that economic development has long been a strategic decision of Western errors and Aggregation and allocation of production factors in the poor level. to correct the mistakes of traditional strategic decisions quickly gather and rational and efficient allocation of production factors, is the priority development of the basic way the western light .1 west and Present Situation of drawing development of light industry in the western industry is an important light components. and heavy compared to the whole, the western light deficiency, low-value ratio, poor skills, low market share. Light includes wood and bamboo harvesting, food processing, food manufacturing and beverage manufacturing industry, the tobacco processing industry, textiles, clothing and other fiber products manufacturing, leather, fur and feather products industry, wood processing and Bamboo, Rattan, furniture manufacturing, paper and paper products, printing and record medium replication industry, Educational and Sports Goods, more than 10 industries. West depends on the development of light industry within the various sectors of light industry development. But in more than 10 branches of industry, the western tobacco processing industry in the country only has an important position, and create a series of plates; and in the food processing industry, only the mechanism of sugar production has an absolute advantage; in the food industry, only dairy products are more advantages; in the beverage industry, the wine industry has certain advantages, but the main .1.1 liquor products is reflected in the western area of light industry and the Historical Development of the normal sequence of industrial upgrading should �� light �� heavy industry to agriculture, but whether before the reform and opening up, or in the reform and opening up 20 years later, the western light industry Development has been in a state of suppressed ��2��. had before in the heavy industry to develop light industry should have a good, full development stage for the development of heavy industry and lay a good foundation, but never more than half of the western value of light industry. some years better, but only about 45%, most years only about 40%. from a practical point of view provinces, Ningxia and the relative ratio of the maximum light, but the total output value is very small, insignificant in the entire western region. Guangxi, Sichuan, Chongqing, Xinjiang The light output ratio is relatively high, but still more than half of most years. which from 1978 to 2001, more than half a year free of Xinjiang, Sichuan, in 1998 only just over half a year. Table 1 to 2 years or less for an observation point describe its western region the percentage of light output from 1978 to 2001 in the development and changes. Table 1 and the western region of light industry output value of the ratio of total industrial output value of unit: billion,% Chongqing, Guangxi, Sichuan and Guizhou Xinjiang, Tibet, Shaanxi, Gansu and Ningxia Western value% value% value% value% value% value% value% value% value% value% 1,978,583,663,401,433 0.6 40 4,345,151,910,781,442,217 3619 80 7,050,293,880,431,635 0.5 33 5,550,152,010,761,742,294 4219 82 8,854,353,899,482,139 0.5 39 5,950,192,310,712,448,355 4419 84 112 524,743,124,452,936 0.7 37 6,543,222,213,733,045,443 4219 86 146 539,054,177,444,340 0.8 38 9,242,372,619,714,445,650 4419 88 1,843,314,955,304,467,243 1.1 4,214,042,613,030,697,148 1012 4119 90 1,894,719,555,383,469,342 1.5 40 1,884,380,291,828,109 49 125,643,199,224,746 304,525,584,411,939 2.3 46 2,404,010,027,222,514,646 173,941,199,439,143 6,494,910,054,215,033 3.6 47 3,713,715,323,312,125,543 3009 3919 96 4,304,179,550,141,048,243 39 2.8 27 4,273,723,028,442,222,233 380,341,199,851,344 9,105,319,595,131,339 4.8 33 5,023,931,729,542,323,331 480,643,200,035,737 862,488,744,220,633 6.9 38 6,883,926,224,381,621,823 351,136,200,143,441 413,399,204,022,032 6.9 38 3,682,815,243,451,716,319 2723 33 Note: (1) This table is based on China Statistical Yearbook The table does not include it encompasses; (3) lists the data sources and different provinces in the west led to calculate the percentage of light output and the other at slightly different book; (4) As the table size limits, except Tibet The light output, other data shall be rounded. to the west is concerned, the process of industrialization with the development of light industry have a greater relationship. the one hand, the western industrialized countries is built on the basis of re-industrialization strategy in long after the founding period of time, the state will ensure national security and accelerate industrialization considered together, not only will focus on industrial investment in the western delta region, but also many industrial enterprises to migrate to coastal areas of the western region , so that many western provinces and autonomous regions have not been light from a stage of development, low level of industrialization suddenly became an industrial area is relatively developed areas with high levels of industrialization. On the other hand, due to investment and construction in the western countries Most are heavy industrial projects in machinery manufacturing, machinery processing, energy, mining and military industries, these companies not only to most products sold outside the region, and the supply of many raw materials from outside the region, so that after nearly 30 years of construction, when the reform and opening up so far, although the data from the statistical analysis of the level of industrialization and to the west as much as the eastern region, and higher than the national average. But the West's industrial and other industries within the region do not have much contact, industry low correlation for the leading role of the regional economy is not ideal. In contrast, most Western investment in light industry enterprises and their ministries and commissions directly under the light start of the project is to the resources of the region based on established , and a large part of the market in the region. the rise of these enterprises, not only from the state investment than the much larger Heavy Industry associated enterprises, and promote the rapid development of the region's economy, and to some extent corrected the distorted industrial structure. NOTE: (1) This figure is based on strategy in the the growth rate of the western light the growth rate of the whole industry is basically the same. From 1978 to 2001, although the latter is sometimes higher and sometimes the former higher, but in general, both trends and fluctuations rate is basically the same in most cases. From the perspective of the growth rate, through the analysis of the development of the western light can generally understand the development of the western industrial. but it should be said that in the period 1979 to 2001, the western development of light industry is insufficient, should local government, and industrial development requirements of the law and our strategic ideas than have a great distance. control the speed of change in China's economic growth can be said that the western industrial economic growth, changes in the national economic cycle track is a basic consistent. Judging from the light itself, in the reform and opening up in 1979 to 1985, due to the implementation of rural land contract responsibility system, a substantial increase of income of urban and rural residents, had long been suppressed items of family life needs are a larger release, demand increased substantially, driving the rapid development of the western light. The western light during the relatively fast growth rate, annual average reached 15.91%, but in the 1986 to 1990, the western volatility in the growth of light industry. In 1986 to 1988, although the faster growth rate of light industry, but on the whole less than the industry growth rate. After two years of time, due to rental contract system and the implementation of the system, many of the assets smaller light industrial enterprises were the first to contract, rent to individuals, which has brought rapid economic development of light industry. Although the growth rate of light downward trend, but significantly higher than the industry growth rate, indicating that heavy industry the relatively slow growth rate. In 1990, after 3 years of time, heavy industry began to West , light industry growth rate began to increase above the rate of the whole industry, which Deng Xiaoping's southern tour speech and the establishment of market economic system, since the two events has greatly enhanced the development of local and non-governmental forces the enthusiasm of the industrial economy. And the local government and the ability of the private economy as investment is low, most of the required amount of investment launched a number of light industrial projects is not very high after the year 1999, due to the implementation of the western development strategy, the central government has increased investment in the western region, industry investment to mainly heavy industry projects, therefore, the growth rate and reduced light down .1.2 current status of the western development of light industry after years of construction, light industry has become an important pillar of the western industry. to the end of 2001, the western part of light industry enterprises 10008 , light industry output value reached 298.472 billion yuan, accounting for 33.03% in Western industrial output value; the number of light industrial enterprises and light industry output value accounting for the number and value of 11.54% and 7.93%. Western light output of 21.7 billion in 1978 to increase to 272.3 billion yuan in 2001 (excluding Yunnan, Inner Mongolia, Qinghai), an increase of 250.6 billion yuan, an increase of 11.55 times, but the pace of development in different provinces of light industry is not the same. Sichuan, Guizhou and Guangxi provinces in relation to other area is to be faster, the light industry output value accounted for the three western provinces the rate of light output growth to varying degrees. Sichuan light output of 6.3 billion in 1978 increased to 92.0 billion in 2001, an increase of 85.7 billion yuan, an increase of 13.6 times; the ratio of total output value of the western light in 1978 increased 29.03% to 33.79% in 2001, an increase of 4.76 percentage points. Guizhou light output of 1.4 billion in 1978 increased to 22.0 billion in 2001 yuan, an increase of 206 billion yuan, an increase of 14.71 times; the ratio of total output value of the western light in 1978 rose 6.45% to 8.08% in 2001, an increase of 1.63 percentage points. Journal of Light output of 2.9 billion in 1980 to increase to 41.3 billion in 2001, an increase of 38.4 billion yuan, an increase of 13.19 times; the ratio of total output value of the western light in 1980 rose 9.86% to 15.17% in 2001, an increase of 5.31 percentage points. Chongqing, Tibet, Gansu , Shaanxi, Ningxia and Xinjiang, the development of light industry relative to other provinces in terms of western slower, the light industry output value accounted for the western provinces, the ratio of light output has decreased in varying degrees. For example, Chongqing, 26.73% in 1978 down to 2001 of 15.94%, down 10.79 points; Shaanxi 19.82% in 1978 fell to 13.51% in 2001, a decrease of 6.31 percentage points; Ningxia, 4.61% in 1978 down to 1.65% in 2001, a decrease of 2.96 percentage points; Gansu 6.91% in 1978 down to 5.58% in 2001, down by 1.33 percentage points; Xinjiang 6.45% in 1978 down to 5.99% in 2001, a decrease of 0.46 percentage points; Tibet in 1978 to 0.28 % to 0.25% in 2001, down 0.03 percentage points. From the light inside the industry structure, the West has been in the home appliance manufacturing, tobacco processing, food processing, food manufacturing, beverage and textile industry has a considerable scale , clothing and other fiber products manufacturing, leather, fur and feather products industry also has a good foundation, but the Transport of wood and bamboo, wood and Bamboo, Rattan, furniture manufacturing, paper and paper products, Printing and Record Medium Reproduction Industry, Educational and Sports Goods is still relatively weak. It is worth mentioning that, in the western light house, home appliances manufacturing, tobacco processing, beverage, leather products, fur and feather industries such as technology innovation with a high level in international and domestic market with strong competitive edge. from the light industry enterprises of the scale, the western region was significantly smaller light industrial enterprises nationwide .2001 86,705, with assets of 4.159622 trillion yuan, to achieve industrial output value of 3.763693 trillion yuan, an average of each company with assets of 048 million yuan, 043 million yuan of industrial output value of .2001 western Guizhou Province has 771 light industrial enterprises, with assets of 22.917 billion yuan, industrial output value of 22.011 billion yuan; average each company with assets of 028 million yuan, less than the national average of 020 million yuan, the average industrial output value of each company 029 million yuan, less than the national average of 014 million yuan 2. generally small scale of investment in light industry, which is Why is the number of light industrial enterprises in 2001 accounted for the western country and 11.54%, while light industry output value was only 7.93% of the reason for the country. From the light of the brand-building point of view, the western region after years of effort, in the beverage, tobacco, clothing, etc. shape the field has great influence in the country with the brand, such as part of the famous brands; Also in the textile and specialty food processing industry and specialty food manufacturing and other industries have also have a certain advantage. from the construction of modern enterprise system point of view, the system has lagged far behind the western light in the eastern coastal areas. in the Eastern , the majority of light industry with not only the start, foreign-funded enterprises, individual economic or other components of private economy developed, the natural advantages of a property rights system, and state-owned economy and collective economy has long been the core of the reform of property rights system . For example, industrial output value in 2001 in Zhejiang Province 1.174783 trillion yuan, of which achieved 863.62 billion yuan of non-state-owned economy, the percentage as high as 73.51%; and Guizhou Province in 2001 industrial output value of 69.663 billion yuan, of which the output value of non-state economy 16,065,000,000 element, the percentage was only 23.06%, 50.45 percentage points lower than in Zhejiang. only non-state industrial output in Zhejiang Province to Guizhou Province, the equivalent of 12.4 times the total industrial output value. from the product structure, timber production in 2000 reached the western region 8,873,700 cubic meters, accounting for 18.79%; edible vegetable oil production was 1,603,700 tons, accounting for 19.20%; mechanism of sugar production capacity of up to 5.3543 million tons, accounting for 700 million tons production capacity of 76.49 percent; dairy production to 325,500 tons, accounting for 39.25%; convenience food production capacity of the main 281,700 tons, accounting for 11.13%; canned production was 457,900 tons, accounting for 25.80%; cigarette box production was 12,455,600, accounting for 36.67% nationwide; yarn production was 855,400 tons, accounting for 13.02%; silk production was 12,839.73 tons, accounting for 17.51%. In soft drinks, convenience the main food, yarn, cloth, yarn, cord fabrics, printing and dyeing cloth production side also is very backward. Table 2 shows the details of the 12 western provinces in 2000 the production situation of young workers. Table 2 The main products of light industry in 2000 production in the western Inner Mongolia and Guangxi Chongqing, Sichuan, Guizhou and Yunnan Tibet, Xinjiang, western Gansu, Qinghai and Ningxia ����% of wood production (million cubic meters) 327.8 315.2 32.1 127.2 18.2 16 38.3 0 0 2.4 0.8 9.6 887.4 18.8 Edible Vegetable Oil (million tons) 44.6 20.3 1.5 15.7 8.6 1.8 0.1 7.8 3.2 1.2 5.4 50.4 160.4 19.2 Mechanism of sugar (million tons) 0.2 7.8 1.1 16.4 325.8 0 0 2.4 0 0.3 148.8 32.6 535.4 76.5 convenient main food (tons) 3.7 7.8 2.9 3.5 0.4 0.04 1.3 0.01 8.4 0.06 0.2 0 28.2 11.1 Dairy products (tons) 18.5 0.5 0.04 0.3 0.2 1.9 0.1 0.1 2.9 1.2 4.6 2.3 32.6 39.3 Canned (tons) 0.8 13.6 1.2 2.3 0.2 0.2 0.1 0.5 0 0 25.8 0.07 27 46 drink alcohol (tons) 140 157.6 65.9 53.7 39.4 28.7 17.7 16.6 2.6 19.7 2.2 5.8 29.3 559.5 Beer (million tons) 9.3 15.7 40.5 32 50.9 74.5 0.6 4.7 2.6 21.2 312.3 36.6 14.0 23.9 Soft drinks (million tons) 5.2 17.9 11.8 21.3 35.9 2.6 3.6 0.2 1.6 0.6 5.7 107.2 7.2 0.7 Cigarettes (million boxes) 28 72.3 68.7 128.7 187.4 612.8 104.6 29.5 0 3.1 0 36.7 10.5 1246 yarn (million tons ) 1.6 9.2 5.2 1.5 15.4 2 2.2 0 0.6 0 32.3 85.5 15.7 13.0 cloth (million m) 0.33 6 0.7 0.5 0.9 2.3 0.3 0 0 7.2 0.2 7.7 2.9 21.2 dyed fabrics (million meters) 0.03 0.07 0.4 1.9 0.07 0.2 0 1.1 0 0 0 0.2 3.9 2.5 Cord (tons) 0 0 0,000,054,782,400,005,718 2.8 Wool (wool) (tons) 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.03 0.04 0.03 0 0.03 1 0.03 0.05 0.1 2.1 4.9 silk (tons) 9.8 895.4 243,574,736 64.6 617011504500 17.5 150.4 12840 paperboard (million tons) 12.2 82.6 10.7 71.5 5.7 23.9 8.5 0.4 23.7 15.3 0 19.4 273.8 11.0 Note: (1) This table is based on the secondary status. Western Light system is basically formed in the last century, the fifties and sixties of the threat, resulting in preparation to become the dominant factor in economic decision-making, resulting in heavy industrial structure biased, industry scattered layout, the investment in reverse order (not agriculture, light and heavy but heavy, light, agriculture) and so a complete departure from the scientific theory of industrial economy, location theory and input-output as measured by the scale of economic theory and behavioral phenomena such as the occurrence of .1980 years later, China's industrial structure may have done a major adjustment, but the emphasis on the western structure showed little change. in decision making lead to investment in heavy industry ratio is too large, light industry development has been tied. Western light ratio of total industrial output value, basically in the 30 to 40%, and heavy industry ratio of 60% or more. light industry growth rate in addition a limited number of years, but are low the national average. and our analysis shows that the comparative benefit of light was higher than that of heavy industry ��3��. In this case, the ratio of heavy industry will undoubtedly lead to high overall industrial efficiency to drop, the growth of national income, both difficult additional capital for the development of heavy industry, light industry and difficult to provide adequate funding for the revitalization of protection. the traditional strategy in decision making, not only on the imbalance in industrial structure, but also in two other important aspects: First, industry collaboration loose. In the traditional decision-making most of the projects under construction in the heavy industry is associated with high-tech industry prior to the project and the military-industrial projects, and local industrial projects were reported to be associated with the traditional post-industrial projects to this state of affairs so that high-tech industries and traditional industries the relationship between loose, high-tech and traditional technologies and the gradual replacement of the organic combination of both difficult to achieve. Moreover, the establishment of enterprises in traditional decision-making is often the single production factor in the geographical position on the rigid centralized, industrial layout showing the style . This led to heavy industry, light industry development can not only provide the means of production and raw materials, and difficult to develop through its own production of light industrial products and provide greater consumer demand for life, which leads to and strengthens the internal structure of the irrationality of light : The main raw materials, agricultural products relative to development of better light, and the industrial raw materials as the main light is very weak, which makes the western light in the lower level has been hesitant ��2��. to say that the traditional decision-making directly inhibit the Western self-development activity, is not conducive to the western hematopoietic system development, resulting in a western economy lagging behind. Correction traditional decision-making, not only is the development of the western economy, but also give priority to the development of the western light of the will by the way. Correction traditional decision-making, is to achieve a strategic decision-making model to a partial light from the emphasis on the transformation and re-establish the severity of balance, in close coordination and effective operation of the industrial structure. in the future for a long period of time, adopted a series of economic policies tilted to the light to accelerate the construction of the light industry leading regional industrial growth pole is correct emphasis on the core work of decision making. The so-called industrial growth pole, meaning and other industries around the high correlation coefficient, diffusion effect and the effect of strong capital cycle, in the process of economic development led to the growth of its own Other industry growth of the industry. in an economic cycle, a certain area of high industrial growth pole for its relevance push or pull other industrial growth, led to the formation of a and its instigator of the industry group, constitute a certain period the industrial structure of a certain region within the base. in the west building to light as the leading regional industrial growth pole of a strategic decision to implement partial light ��4��, which includes the following: investment policy preferences - in the western development strategy in the implementation of The Government should provide light and for light agricultural raw materials, some heavy industry (such as chemical industry, plastics industry, photographic materials industry, etc.) and provide the means of production for the light heavy (such as electronic, electrical, bearings, instruments industry, etc.) as an investment focus, while increasing private capital to guide investment to these areas. The financial policy preferences - for the region to develop light industry, sector increased money supply, increased light industrial enterprises to issue stocks, bonds, fund-raising opportunities, due to lower Light the initial stages of development lending. At the same time to take some other possible financing measures. tax policy preferences - for the initial development phase of the light industry enterprises and the ongoing transformation of the light industry enterprises to implement a lower tax rate, for light the steady growth of industrial enterprises and the technical structure of the upgrade. materiel tilt - first to ensure that supplies light industry, light industry enterprises that ensure the production of basic construction materials and raw materials supply; secondly, to ensure that the relevant industries and light industry supplies, such as the provision of technical equipment for the light industry and heavy industry to provide some raw materials, some of the breeding industry. in excess of economic conditions, the basic is not the problem. personnel policy preferences - light industry enterprises to take measures to improve the treatment, attract a variety of management personnel, technical personnel, marketing personnel flow and concentration to the industry. the central and local governments have introduced a number of related policies, contributed to the accumulation of talent in Western light. We have specifically discussed the issue of Western ...